Este trabalho descreve um método simples e rápido para a determinação de BTEX (benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xileno) em resíduos sólidos e soluções lixiviadas de resíduos sólidos aplicando a Norma Brasileira ABNT NBR 10004/2004. O método proposto possibilita a detecção direta de BTEX usando microextração em fase sólida e cromatografia a gás com detector por ionização em chama (HS-SPME GC/FID). Os limites de quantificação obtidos para BTEX evidenciaram que o método é adequado para a classificação de resíduos sólidos.

This work describes a simple and fast method for the determination of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) in solid waste and solutions obtained from leaching applying procedures detailed in the ABNT NBR 10004/2004 Brazilian standard for the classification of solid residues. The proposed method allows the direct detection of BTEX using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (HS-SPME GC/FID). Limits of quantification for BTEX showed that the developed method is suitable for the classification of solid wastes.

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a distribuição de lipídios em sedimentos arqueológicos do sítio Rio do Meio, Ilha de Santa Catarina. Nos extratos totais de lipídios, analisados por cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massas (CG e CG-EM), predominaram os compostos ácidos e álcoois saturados. Foram detectados pelo menos dois tipos de matéria orgânica: uma antiga e outra comparativamente recente. Na primeira, o extrato total de lipídios foi dominado por ácidos graxos de cadeias curtas (< Ac20:0), com menor percentagem de ácidos e álcoois de cadeias longas (> Ac20:0 e Al20:0). Em contraste, na deposição classificada como recente, foram identificados em maiores teores os ácidos e álcoois de cadeias longas (> Ac20:0 e Al20:0). Neste estudo, foi possível observar a incorporação de material orgânico procedente de fontes de origem vegetal, bacteriana e, possivelmente, animal (gorduras) nos sedimentos arqueológicos analisados.

In this study the distribution of lipid compounds was evaluated in sediment samples of an archaeological site Rio do Meio, Santa Catarina Island, Brazil. In the total lipid extracts, analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC and GC-MS), saturated fatty acids and alcohols were predominant. At least two sources of organic matter were detected, an older and a more recent one. In the old deposit, the most abundant lipids were short-chain fatty acids (< Ac20:0), followed by a minor composition of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols (> Ac20:0 and Al20:0). In contrast, the fresh deposit was dominated by long-chain fatty acids and alcohols (> Ac20:0 and Al20:0). This paper described the incorporation of vegetal, bacterial and possible animal (fat) sources into the archaeological sediments analyzed.

Organic residue analysis of archaeological potsherds is a well-established method for determining the uses of European and North American pottery vessels. In the present work we assess if the organic residues identified in Brazilian potsherd extracts are related to commodity processes (e.g. cooking or surface treatment) or to other non-archaeological sources, using as a model potsherds recovered from the Rio do Meio site (Santa Catarina Island). The potsherd extracts are dominated by saturated fatty acids (Ac16:0, with lower abundances of Ac14:0 and Ac18:0). Our studies provide evidence that the organic residues preserved in the Brazilian archeological potsherds are related to foodstuffs and surface treatment processes of the pottery vessels.

The present study investigates the origin and distribution of several classes of organic compounds present in recently deposited abyssal sediments in the North East Atlantic Ocean. Six cores were sampled (multicorer) along 20ºW longitude as part of the UK's Biogeochemical Ocean Flux Study (BOFS). The sediments underlie diverse water columns, ranging from the Iceland Basin, an area of high primary productivity but presumed low aeolian inputs, to an area off West Africa characterized by oligotrophic and upwelling waters and high aeolian input. Concentration of predominantly marine (e.g. sterols and alkenones) and terrestrial (n-alkanes) compounds showed remarkable changes along the transect.